Autor: Liddy, Richard M.

Buch: Transforming Light

Titel: Transforming Light

Stichwort: Maréchal, Kant, Thomas, Gilson,

Kurzinhalt: Maréchal: Kant als Idealist; Erkenntnis: statisch - dynamisch; 'in here' - 'out there'; Idealismus, Scotus - Hegel, das bedingte Unbedingte, diskursives Erkennen

Textausschnitt: () Kant had maintained that a 'critique of knowledge,' that is, a study of 'the conditions of the possibility of knowledge,' only revealed the forms and categories of human knowing, but in no way revealed the possibilities of objective knowledge. For Kant objective knowledge would be possible only on the basis of an intellectual intuition, and since he discerned no such intuition, the objectivity of human knowledge disintegrates.
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... Maréchal maintained that Kant became an idealist because he was not consistent in his own transcendental reflection on the a priori conditions of human knowledge.
() ... 'in here' to 'out there?' I remember very vividly being told that the only answer is to dogmatically assert that our knowledge does cross over that bridge, that we do get from 'in here' to 'out there' and any analysis of our cognitional activities risks leaving us trapped 'in here' in an idealism.
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'Five hundred years separate Hegel from Scotus. As will appear from our discussion of the method of metaphysics, that notable interval of time was largely devoted to working out in a variety of manners the possibilities of the assumption that knowing consists in taking a look.'
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In other words, human knowledge emerges when you arrive at judgment. And a judgment is not simply having a nexus between terms. Any hypothesis includes a nexus between terms. It is when you are positing the nexus between terms, when you are affirming or denying a nexus that you arrive at judgment.
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Lonergan learned that human knowledge is discursive, that is, incremental: it proceeds by acts of experiencing, understanding, and judging to limited knowledge of reality and then the cycle of knowing begins again to fill out perspectives or to rise to higher viewpoints. Unlike the Kantian, the idealist and the relativist traditions that felt that you had to know 'everything about everything' in order to arrive at certain judgments, Maréchal pointed out the concrete activity of judging that posits the concrete existence of understood contents of thought.